Antihypertensive drugs | Antihypertensive classification

You will know here - what is hypertension, blood pressure and Antihypertensive drugs | Antihypertensive classifications.

    Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition. A persistent and sustained high blood pressure has damaging effect on heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.

Hypertension is generally classified :

[1] Primary or essential hypertension :

In more than 95% of cases, there is no specific underlying cause. 

[2] Secondary hypertension :

It is seen in about 5% of cases. It can be due to specific disease or drug.

▪ Systolic blood pressure (SBP) : It is the maximum pressure recorded during ventricular systole.

▪ Diastolic blood pressure  (DBP) : It is the minimum pressure recorded during ventricular diastole.

▪ Pulse pressure  (PP) : SBP-DBP

▪ Mean arterial pressure : DBP + 1/3 PP.

CLASSIFICATION : 
1》 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors : Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril.

2》 Angiotensin-II-receptor antagonist : losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan.

3》 Calcium channel blocker : amlodipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, felodipine, diltiazem.

4》 Diuretics :
a. Thiazides : hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide.
b. Loop diuretics : bumetanide, furosemide.
c. Potassium sparing diuretics : spironolactone, amiloride.

5》 Sympatholytic drugs :
a. Centrally acting agents: clonidine, methyldopa.
b. Ganglionic blocker: trimethaphan.
c. Neuronal blockers : reserpine.
d. Alpha-adrenergic blocker: 
(i) non selective: phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine.
(ii) selective: prazosin, terazosin.
e. Beta-adrenergic blockers:
(i) non selective: propranolol, metoprolol.
(ii) selective: atenolol.

6》 Vasodilator :
a. Arteriolar: hydralazine, diazoxide.
b. Arterial and venodilator: sodium nitroprusside.


Also read : Pharmacology of ACE inhibitors