Monday, 21 January 2019

Advantages and disadvantages of routes of drug administration

January 21, 2019
You will get here Advantages and disadvantages of routes of drug administration.
Different routes are Oral route, sublingual route, rectal route, parentral routes, subcutaneous, intravenous, Intramuscular.


ORAL ROUTE 

Advantages
● Safer
● Cheaper
● Painless
● Convenient for repeated and prolonged use.
● Can be self  administered.

Disadvantages 
● Oral route has a slow onset of action, hence not used in emergency.
● It is not suitable for/in-
    - unpalatable and highly irritant drugs.
    - unabsorbable drugs  (e.g.      aminoglycosides).
    - drugs that are destroyed by digestive juices  (e.g. adrenaline).
    - drugs with extensive first pass      metabolism (e.g. lignocaine)
    - unconscious patients.
    - uncooperative and unreliable patients.
    - patients with severe vomiting and diarrhoea.

SUBLINGUAL ROUTE 

Advantages 
● Quick onset of action.
● Action can be terminated by spitting out the tablet.
● Byasses the first pass metabolism.
● Self administration is possible.

Disadvantages 
● It is not suitable-
    - for irritant drugs.
    - for lipid soluble drugs.
    - for drugs with bad smell and taste.
    - in children.

RECTAL ROUTE 

Advantages 
● Used in children.
● Little or no first pass effect.
● Used in unconscious patients.
● Higher concentration rapidly achieved.

Disadvantages
● Inconvenient.
● Slow absorption.
● Irritation and inflammation of rectal   mucosa can occur.

PARENTERAL ROUTE

Advantages 
● It has rapid action, hence suitable for emergency.
● It is useful in-
    - unconscious patients.
    - uncooperative and unreliable patients.
    - the presence of vomiting and diarrhoea.
● It is suitable for-
    - irritant drugs.
    - drugs with high first pass metabolism.
    - drugs not absorbed orally.
    - drugs destroyed by digestive juices.

Disadvantages 
● Require sterilization and aseptic condition.
● Are expensive.
● Require invasive techniques, whuch are painful.
● Cannot be usually self administered
● Can cause local tissue injury to nerves,  vessels, etc.

INHALATION

Advantages 
● Quick action
● Dose required is very less.
● Amount of drug administered can be   regulated.

Disadvantages 
● Local irritation may cause increased respiratory secretions and bronchospasm.

INTRADERMAL ROUTE

Advantages 
● Absorption is slow ( this is advantage in testing for allergies).

Disadvantages 
● Amount of drug administered must be small.

SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTE 

Advantages 
● Oily solution can be given.
● Self administration is possible.

Disadvantages 
● Irritant drug cannot be given.
● Volume limitation (1 to 2 ml ).
● Absorption is slow.

INTRAMUSCULAR 

Advantages 
● Absorption is rapid as compared to oral r.
● Mild irritant, depot injections, soluble substances, and suspension can be given.

Disadvantages 
● Aseptic conditions needed.
● Painful.
● Self administration is not possible.
● There may be injury to nerve.

INTRAVENOUS

Advantages 
● Bioavailability is 100%.
● Quick onset of action.
● Large volume of fluid can be administered.
● Highly irritant drugs can be given, e.g. anti cancer.
● Hypertonic solution can be infused by i.v.

Disadvantages 
● Once the drug injected, can't be halted.
● Local irritation may cause phlebitis.
● Self administration is not possible.
● Strict aseptic condition are needed.
● Extravasation of some drugs can cause   injury, sloughing of tissues.



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30 comments:

  1. Unknown2 May 2019 at 11:40

    Please I need five disadvantages of oral route of medicine administration

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Onlycology15 May 2019 at 01:08

      Hello dear,

      1. Slow absorption
      2. Low bioavailability
      3. Irritable
      4. Some drugs are destroyed.
      5. Un co-operative and unconscious patient.

      Due to some technical problem, i delayed to answering you, really sorry for that.

      Thanks for asking and keeping trust on Onlycology.com

      Delete
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